三峡库区耕地变化研究   总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21  

曹银贵  王静  程烨  付梅臣  饶彩霞  许宁 《地理科学进展》2006,25(6):117-125

三峡工程是世界性的伟大工程,三峡工程的兴建推动了三峡库区的经济发展.在三峡库区经济发展的过程中,耕地成为经济发展的重要资源.本文利用三峡库区1990~2004年的耕地面积和社会经济资料,采用统计分析与实证研究的方法,分析了三峡库区耕地变化的过程,了解库区耕地变化的驱动力,探寻了耕地数量模拟预测的新方法,为库区耕地的保护和经济可持续发展提供参考.结果表明：(1)三峡库区15年来耕地面积及人均耕地面积呈减少的趋势,不同的库区段也如此;(2)三峡库区历年耕地面积与对应年人均GDP的关系曲线呈倒"U"型,并且相关年份耕地的变化与GDP的变化不同步,呈现相对脱钩的状态,三峡库区耕地的变化与城市化的发展及退耕政策休戚相关;(3)在库区耕地模拟预测研究中表明,传统的多元线性回归分析方法的模拟精度不及BP神经网络的模拟精度,并利用BP神经网络预测了三峡库区2010年和2015年的耕地面积,其预测结果具有一定的合理性.  相似文献   

松潘-甘孜造山带东缘大水沟地区变质变形作用     

郭建强  游再平  王大可 《地质通报》1999,18(3)

松潘—甘孜造山带东缘大水沟逆冲—滑脱岩片的边界断裂为韧性剪切带,具逆冲—推覆性质,在中生代碰撞造山过程中逆冲叠置于扬子陆块之上。岩片经历了晚二叠世裂谷变质、晚三叠世末至早中侏罗世滑脱—收缩动热变质和晚侏罗世热隆接触变质３期变质变形作用,尤其是后二者影响深刻,奠定了现今热隆构造,并伴有碲矿床的形式。  相似文献   

Melt–water Accumulation on the Surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Effect on Albedo and Mass Balance     

Wouter Greuell 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(4):489-498

Satellite–derived albedo maps of the western part of the Greenland ice sheet (between 64.5 and 70.5 ^∘ N) reveal a north–south extending zone with relatively low albedos at some distance from the ice margin. In the literature it has been hypothesized that this "dark zone" is due to a local maximum in melt–water accumulation on the ice–covered surface. A plausible explanation for this maximum in melt–water accumulation is thatrelative to the situation within the "dark zone", melt–water accumulation is reduced at higher elevations by a smaller melt–water production rate whereas runoff occurs more easily at lower elevations where slopes are generally steeper. For the present paper AVHRR images from eight years (1990–1997) were analysed. The following indications confirming the "melt–water accumulation hypothesis" were found: (1) there is a significant correlation between the annual mean albedo lowering within the "dark zone" and the annual amount of melt as inferred from local mass–balance measurements; and (2) within each summer season the albedo lowering within the "dark zone" seems to respond to the melt–water production rate as inferred from local temperature measurements. The effect of melt–water accumulation on the albedo implies a positive feedback between the albedo and the amount of melt. It is estimated that approximately 40% of the interannual mass–balance variations in the "dark zone" are due to this feedback.  相似文献   

Parametric time‐domain identification of multiple‐input systems using decoupled output signals          下载免费PDF全文

Jian Li  Manuel Ruiz‐Sandoval  Billie F. Spencer Jr.  Amr S. Elnashai 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(9):1307-1324

Civil engineering structures are often subjected to multidirectional actions such as earthquake ground motion, which lead to complex structural responses. The contributions from the latter multidirectional actions to the response are highly coupled, leading to a MIMO system identification problem. Compared with single‐input, multiple‐output (SIMO) system identification, MIMO problems are more computationally complex and error prone. In this paper, a new system identification strategy is proposed for civil engineering structures with multiple inputs that induce strong coupling in the response. The proposed solution comprises converting the MIMO problem into separate SIMO problems, decoupling the outputs by extracting the contribution from the respective input signals to the outputs. To this end, a QR factorization‐based decoupling method is employed, and its performance is examined. Three factors, which affect the accuracy of the decoupling result, including memory length, input correlation, and system damping, are investigated. Additionally, a system identification method that combines the autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX) and the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) is proposed. The associated extended modal amplitude coherence and modal phase collinearity are used to delineate the structural and noise modes in the fitted ARX model. The efficacy of the ARX‐ERA method is then demonstrated through identification of the modal properties of a highway overcrossing bridge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The influence of dilution on downstream channel sedimentation in large rivers: the Yellow River,China          下载免费PDF全文

Jiongxin Xu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(4):450-462

Due to the temporal decoupling of water and sediment sources in a large river basin, a flood from a sediment source area with high suspended sediment concentration (SSC) may be diluted by flow from a major runoff source area with low SSC. In this paper, this dilution effect is considered for 145 flood events from the Yellow River, China. Two indices (β₁ and β₂) describing the dilution effect are proposed, based on water and sediment from the clear water source area and the coarse sediment producing area. Regression equations between channel sedimentation (S_dep) and β₁ and β₂ are established based on flood events and annual data, respectively. The results show that dilution reduces channel sedimentation in the lower reaches by 34?1% and that this is related to a reduced frequency of hyperconcentrated flows in the lower reaches. The Longyangxia Reservoir for hydro‐electric generation has stored huge quantities of clear runoff from the upper Yellow River during high‐flow season since 1985, greatly reducing the dilution of the hyperconcentrated floods and therefore enhancing sedimentation in the lower reaches. For the purpose of reducing sedimentation, changing the operational mode of the Longyangxia Reservoir to restore the dilution effect is suggested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

大颗粒辉钼矿Re-Os同位素失耦现象及¹⁸⁷Os迁移模式研究   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6  

李超  屈文俊  杜安道 《矿床地质》2009,28(5):707-712

对采自西华山钨矿的大颗粒辉钼矿样品的不同部位进行了取样,并对其年龄分别进行精确厘定,得到了不同的Re-Os模式年龄值,验证了失耦现象的存在.从原理上对失耦现象及其成因进行了解释,并在前人成果的基础上,探索性地提出了187Os可能的迁移模型.取样方式的不同会对辉钼矿的模式年龄产生很大影响,因此,在实际应用中一定要严格遵循"多取样,细磨碎"的原则,这对于能获得科学真实的与地质背景相符的Re-Os同位素地质年龄,从而深入探讨矿床成矿作用具有重要意义.  相似文献   

长江中下游地区九瑞矿集区邓家山花岗闪长斑岩的地球化学与成因研究   总被引：16，自引：9，他引：7  

李亮  蒋少涌 《岩石学报》2009,25(11):2877-2888

邓家山是长江中下游成矿带九瑞矿集区西北部的一处矽卡岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿床.矿区与成矿关系密切的岩体为花岗闪长斑岩.本文通过锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年确定,该岩体侵位于早白垩世早期(138.2±1.8Ma).常微量元素分析结果表明,邓家山花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征,表现为高Sr(＞650×10~(-6))、Ba(＞700×10~(-6)),低Y(＜12×10~(-6)),Yb(＜1×10~(-6)),Nb(＜10×10~(-6)),Ta(＜0.7×10~(-6)),富集轻稀土而强烈亏损重稀土(LREE/HREE=12.2～13.5).邓家山花岗闪长斑岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,为0.7068～0.7071,ε_(Nd)(t)为-2.7～-2.3,Nd同位素两阶段模式年龄T_(2DM)为1.13Ga～1.15Ga.锆石的Hf同位素分析结果表明,~(176)Ht/~(177)Hf值为0.282475～0.282539,计算的ε_(Hf)(t))值为-5.2～-7.5,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄T2DM为1.52Ga～1.67Ga.全岩ε_(Nd)(t)与锆石ε_(Hf)(t))之间出现了较为明显的Nd-Hf同位素解耦.根据以上特征,我们认为邓家山花岗闪长斑岩是壳幔相互作用的产物,即增厚下地壳拆沉并部分熔融,岩浆在上升过程中又与地幔橄榄岩发生大规模混染.  相似文献   

萍乐坳陷带西段伸展构造体系浅析     

游正义  曾书明  刘金元 《华东地质学院学报》2009,32(2):123-129

通过野外调研和资料分析,发现萍乐坳陷带西段存在一伸展构造体系,它由变质核杂岩、固态流变构造群落、浅层次的顺层正滑拆离断层以及晚期的重力滑脱构造体系组成。变质核杂岩外缘由以多条大环状分布外倾的花岗质糜棱岩带为代表的韧性剪切带组成,带中的矿物拉伸线理显示韧性剪切作用是沿隆起两翼近南北向进行的。顺层固态流变群落最突出的表现为浅变质岩中近水平的韧性剪切带。部分泥盆系-二叠系亦卷入顺层固态流变群落,表现为带内动力片岩及碳酸岩糜棱岩带。浅层次顺层正滑拆离断层多沿已存界面或岩性软弱面由南向北多层次滑移,并可分为后缘拉张、中部递进滑脱及前缘挤压三个构造分带。晚期重力滑脱体系主要发育于武功山北麓,由众多滑块组成。依据法国奥尔良大学所获变质核杂岩中糜棱岩同位素年龄可知,该伸展构造体系始于华力西晚期-印支期;依据卷入的地层,至少是燕山末期、甚至喜山期才结束.  相似文献   

Quartz and zircon decoupling in sandstone: Petrography and quartz cathodoluminescence of the Early Triassic continental Buntsandstein Group in Germany     

Carita Augustsson  Michaela Aehnelt  Thomas Voigt  Cindy Kunkel  Marcus Meyer  Florian Schellhorn 《Sedimentology》2019,66(7):2874-2893

This study illustrates how decoupling of quartz and zircon can be used advantageously in provenance research. Thirty‐eight fine‐grained to coarse‐grained arkose samples of the Early Triassic intracontinental Buntsandstein Group from the Central European Basin in Germany were analysed for their petrography and 1200 grains in 23 of these for their detrital quartz cathodoluminescence characteristics. The samples represent the Hessian and Thuringian sub‐basins and the Eichsfeld–Altmark Swell separating them. The Hessian Sub‐basin includes more metamorphic lithoclasts with a larger content of plutonic grains than are found further east in the Thuringian Sub‐basin. More than 90% of the detrital quartz from the eastern Thuringian Sub‐basin produce medium to bright blue cathodoluminescence colours and corresponding spectra that are typical for igneous or high‐temperature metamorphic origin. Differently, the quartz from the Hessian Sub‐basin mostly luminesces brown and dark to medium blue, typical for a low‐temperature metamorphic origin. Quartz from the Eichsfeld–Altmark Swell and the western Thuringian Sub‐basin is a mixture between these origins. The quartz indicates different catchments for the sub‐basins, possibly the Bohemian Massif and the Massif Central, with converging transport routes on and close to the eastern fringe of the swell. Taking published zircon data from the same samples into account, light mineral‐zircon grain‐size shifts are up to 2 Φ units. That can be explained by mineral decoupling due to different transport modes for quartz and zircon and different zircon‐size availability in the source areas, exaggerated by combined aqueous–aeolian transport, as well as sample preparation‐induced sorting. This study concludes that submerged highs significantly can influence continental sediment transport. Hence, vast, flat continental areas with submerged morphological highs and a seemingly straightforward transportation pattern may be more complex than expected. The results also illustrate that analysis of detritus that has been affected by different dominating transport modes, and further sorting during sampling and preparation can reveal additional source information.  相似文献   

部分熔融强化了青藏高原地壳的各向异性?   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨彧  陈建业  杨晓松  闫小兵  张国苓 《地震地质》2010,32(1):59

深部岩石的弹性波各向异性是人们了解地壳深部构造特征,分析其成因,探讨其动力学意义的重要岩石物理参数。实验结果表明由矿物晶格定向分布(LPO)所引起的地壳岩石平均各向异性强度通常不超过5%,远不足以解释在青藏高原地壳中所观测到的弹性波各向异性之强度。模拟结果显示,熔体的定向分布(MPO)能够引起强烈的弹性波各向异性。例如,当熔体的形态因子(α)值介于0.1～0.5之间,熔融程度为5%～10%时,由定向分布的酸性熔体囊所产生的各向异性强度可以达到2%～10%(P波)、2.2～40%(S波)。众多研究资料显示,青藏高原—川滇西部具有加厚的中、上地壳和高地热梯度,低度部分熔融作用在其深部地壳中广泛存在。低度熔体在构造应力作用下的定向分布可能是造成该地区深部地壳存在异常强的各向异性层的重要原因。这暗示目前在青藏高原—川滇西部探测到的异常强的区域性各向异性层是具有部分熔融成因的强烈构造变形带。该构造变形带具有潜在的"解耦"功能,并作为地壳浅部刚性层(块体)的底界协调着块体与其下伏地壳或岩石圈地幔的差异运动。  相似文献